BLUF - Bottom Line Up Front:
if you are looking for mid-range budget ($250) Android tablet, consider getting the new REDMI Pad (from Xiaomi), "there's no real competition in its price bracket".
([ how far the technical development have come since the day of the Intel 4004 micro processor in 1971, also refer to as a general-purpose Central Processing Unit (CPU); in today classification, the 4000 series chips family would be considered a microcontroller ])
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4004
([ the "4000 family".[23] The four chips were the following: the 4001, 256-byte 4-bit ROM; the 4002, DRAM with four 20-nibble registers; the 4003, I/O with a 10-bit static shift register with serial and parallel outputs; and the 4004 CPU. A fully expanded system could support 16 4001's for a total of 4 kB of ROM, 16 4002's for a total of 1,280 nibbles (640) bytes of RAM, and an unlimited number of 4003's. ])
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masatoshi_Shima
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcian_Hoff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Mazor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Faggin
([ in 50 years, [X] amount of investment and human power ])
([ can entertainment, gaming, arts, and film making drive the leading edge ])
source:
13:24
#redmi #tablet #android
The New REDMI PAD Is The BEST Budget Android Tablet Right Now! Hands-On Review
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLuaX4a6bKU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLuaX4a6bKU
ETA PRIME
Dec 18, 2022
The all-new Xiaomi REDMI Pad is the best budget android tablet right now for Emulation, Gaming, and Media Consumption. With a 10.6" 2k IPS display, 8000Mah Battery and Powered by the MediaTek G99 CPU this Android tablet has turned out to be one of the BEST budget tablets so far! In this video, we do an unboxing and test some video playback and native android games like Minecraft, Call Of Duty mobile, and Genshin Impact plus we had to see how the REDMI Pad handles emulation like N64, Dreamcast using redream, PSP with PPSSPP, Gamecube and Wii using the DOlphine emulator and even PS2 with AetherSX2!
release Oct 2022
$250
up to 400G SD card supported (reviewer tested)
(up to 1T SD card supported, according to the technical spec)
according to the youtube video, the spec is as followed:
Helio G99 "MT8781" MediaTek
"MT6789"
2x A76 cores @ 2.2 ghz
6x A55 cores @ 2.0 ghz
Mali-G57 mc2 graphic processor
ram: 3gb - 4gb - 6gb
storage: 64gb - 128 gb
micro SD card support
90hz 10.61 IPS @ 1200 x 2000
400nits, 5:3 ratio
quad speakers
8mp front and rear camera
5ghz ac wifi - bt 5.2 (bluetooth 5.2)
8000 mAh battery 18 watt fc (fast charging)
android 12 - MIUI 13
the actual product you get may not meet your expectation ...
subject to product availability, supply chain disruption, and ...
go with the 4GB ram
128GB storage configuration
Helio G99 MediaTek with integrated Mali-G57 mc2 graphic processor
integrated ARM Mali-G57 MP2 graphics solution of the MediaTek Helio G99
Helio G99 "MT8781" MediaTek
"MT6789"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MediaTek_systems_on_chips#Helio_G_Series_(2019%E2%80%93present)
references:
https://www.notebookcheck.net/Mediatek-Helio-G99-Processor-Benchmarks-and-Specs.669976.0.html
https://www.notebookcheck.net/Xiaomi-Redmi-Pad-review-Affordable-Android-tablet-with-90-Hz-and-4-speakers.673345.0.html
Mario Ray Mahardhika 8 days ago
Been owning this battery beast for about a week now. Very satisfied, there's no real competition in its price bracket. The 6/128 model here is only 224.25USD, way cheaper than 280USD in the US.
____________________________________
The following is a parallel story, one about technology (Xerox Altos), and another about two bloody wars (the Korean war, and, the Vietnam war);
March 1973
and by the time the Xerox Alto was introduced in March 1973, but never put into full production for general market availability ...
January 1973
in January 1973, Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Le Duc Tho meet in Paris to sign terms of “peace with honor”.
I thought the contrast and comparison prove interesting ...
because of my interest in the technology and warfare.
the history and biography of technology and
the history and biography of war.
____________________________________
1973
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_Alto
The Xerox Alto is a computer designed from its inception to support an operating system based on a graphical user interface (GUI), later using the desktop metaphor.[7][8] The first machines were introduced on 1 March 1973,[9] a decade before mass-market GUI machines became available.
The Alto is contained in a relatively small cabinet and uses a custom central processing unit (CPU) built from multiple SSI and MSI integrated circuits. Each machine cost tens of thousands of dollars despite its status as a personal computer. Only small numbers were built initially, but by the late 1970s, about 1,000 were in use at various Xerox laboratories, and about another 500 in several universities. Total production was about 2,000 systems.
The Alto became well known in Silicon Valley and its GUI was increasingly seen as the future of computing. In 1979, Steve Jobs arranged a visit to Xerox PARC, during which Apple Computer personnel would receive demonstrations of Xerox technology in exchange for Xerox being able to purchase stock options in Apple.[10] After two visits to see the Alto, Apple engineers used the concepts to introduce the Apple Lisa and Macintosh systems.
Xerox eventually commercialized a heavily modified version of the Alto concepts as the Xerox Star, first introduced in 1981. A complete office system including several workstations, storage and a laser printer cost as much as $100,000, and like the Alto, the Star had little direct impact on the market.
([ I read somewhere, and I can not cite the source, Intel 4004 was used as a microcontroller for the Xerox Altos keyboard ... ])
____________________________________
Hiltzik, Michael A.
Dealers of lighting : Xerox PARC and the dawn of the computer age / Michael Hiltzik. —— 1st ed.
1. computer science——research——california——palo alto——history
2. Xerox coproration. Palo Alto Research Center——history
pp.261—265
"Computers architecture in those days was a major battleground for religious wars," he recalled, "and Xerox had them big-time." His first assignment would have him interceding between two of its contending armies.
The task was somehow to get the Alto manufacturing process jump started. The machine had been designed and prototyped but as yet there were only five in existence. The construction program, it seemed, had mysteriously stalled somewhere between Palo Alto and El Segundo.
As it happened, Ellenby had distinguished himself as an industrial consultant in Great Britain by transforming dysfunctional programs into operational ones. Turning his experienced eye to the Alto, he recognized instantly that the machines were indeed hostages of a religious war——this one between the Computer Science Lab, which designed them, and SDS, whose downtrodden factory staff was tasked with building them to PARC specifications in El Segundo, five hundred miles away.
"El Segundo was a product organization with a lot of pride," Ellenby recalled, "It had a lot of good guys from the days when they had built a lot of quite impressive machines. And now they were getting fucked over by this copier company that knew now to put powdered coal onto drums that went whistling around and transferred it to paper but didn't know shit about electronics. So there was a religious problem right there. Then there was this funny group of weird Northern Californians they had to deal with while they were trying to solve their other problems. Meanwhile there was not a lot of respect to PARC for SDS. And nobody was really assigned at PARC to make it all happen. The Alto was kind of a baby looking for its mother."
Ellenby stepped in to referee. His first achievement was getting El Sengundo to complete 20 Altos stuck in the pipeline. Then he took a radical step. Organizing a small cadre of product engineers into an integrated engineering and manufacturing unit he called the Special Programs Group, he arranged for Chuck Thacker's time machine to be reengineered into an object that could be efficiently mass-produced. The Special Programs Group replaced all the Thackeresque shortcuts, which looked like virtues when the goal was hastily to turn out a serviceable machine with spare parts, but were now merely the sources of annoying glitches.
"No fault of Chuck's, but the machine was just flaky," Ellenby said. "I had come from a pretty rigorous background because the machine for which I had been consulting designer at Ferranti, the Argus 700, was designed for very high-reliability process and communications control. I thought that somehow or other a machine that stops for no reason was not a good machine."
Ellenby's group added a memory error-correction system similar to the one Thacker had designed for MAXC (but had left off the Alto). This substantially cut the manufacturing cost of the machine by allowing the SPG to use more error-prone, but cheaper, memory chips without compromising the machine's reliability. The original Alto was almost unmaintainable ("In order to get to something you had to take a lot of other stuff out," Ellenby recalled); he ordered the innards redesigned so every component would be easily accessible just by opening the cover, as in today's desktop PCs. The so-called Alto II was both durable and easy to manufacture on a small production line. "We just popped 'em out," Ellenby said proudly. This was the machine that proliferated throughout PARC as a springboard for some of the most striking technological innovations the world has ever seen.
Soon after the new machines started rolling off the fabrication line in early 1976, however, Ellenby came face-to-face with the realities of technology politics at Xerox. Heady from the triumph of the Alto II, he forged ahead with a plan to design and manufacture an Alto III. This would be the Holy Grail: a mass-marketable, programmable computer that would exploit the snowballing manifestation of Moore's Law (such as faster and cheaper memory chips) by offering user-friendly word processing, professional database programs, and more. The goal was for the Special Programs Group to design the machine for manufacture by Xerox's Office Systems Division, a Dallas-based unit that turned out electric typewriters and other non-copier office machines under the leadership of a former Webster lab chief named Robert Potter.
That July, Xerox's Display Word Processing Task Force endorsed the plan. For a few short, glorious weeks, official Xerox policy was to service the growing market for electronic word processing with the Alto III, a programmable personal computer that would bear the same relationship to the competition's glorified typewriters as a Harley [Davidson motorcycle] does to a tricycle. Ellenby's group was on target to engineer an inexpensive computer-cum-word processor and printing system for shipment to customers by mid-1978. Had it done so, Xerox would have beaten the IBM PC to market by three years——with an infinitely more sophisticated machine.
mid-1978.: Had it done so, Xerox would have beaten the IBM PC to market by three years——with an infinitely more sophisticated machine.
[Computer Science Lab belonged to a larger organization, PARC (Palo Alto Research Center), which in turn beholden to a greater entity, Xerox.]
But it was not to happen. Bob Potter was not on board and never would be. Potter had visited PARC in 1973, shortly after taking over the Dallas division. But he and the CSL (computer science lab) engineers communicated like creatures of different species. "I went out there and I sat in their bean bags, but I just couldn't get anything out of them," he groused later. "They were only interested in their own thing. They thought they were four feet above everybody else."
PARC's people returned the sentiment, dismissing Potter rudely as a hopeless technical illiterate whose exalted position owned less to managerial aptitude than to having the ear of Archie McCardell, Xerox's new president, a "bean-counter" with scarely any instinct for marketing.*
* McCardell's intoxication with figures would weigh on the company until his departure in 1977. He was named chief executive of International Harvester, over whose drift into bankruptcy and near extinction he presided, joined by Potter.
Potter's group had brought out a low-performance word processor in 1974 that failed in the marketplace. But instead of accepting the office task force's recommendation that Xerox throw its weight behind the Alto III, he pushed his own new machine, another nonprogrammable word processor called the Xerox 850——essentially a typewriter with enough memory in it to hold a few pages of a business letter long enough to be proofread.
For the rest of the summer Potter's and Ellenby's planners staged a battle of numbers, producing contradictory analyses of the Alto's manufacturing costs to bolster their arguments——Ellenby trying to prove that the Alto could be mass-produced for less than the 5000-dollar manufacturing cost of the 850, and Potter that it could never meet its claimed price target.
Ellenby even enlisted the support of Xeror's most respected manufacturing engineers, experts from the product cost estimation division in Rochester. "The dispute was over screws and things, all the minor stuff," he recalled. "And they were the experts in that. They actually went through and asked me what would be the finish on the screws. Would I be using beryllium plate? Then they'd look it up and tell me how many cents that would cost. They did a very thorough job verifying that our costs were right . . . . And Dallas still didn't believe it."
But as Ellenby gradually realized, the numbers were merely cannon fodder in a battle that was political to the core. It was Xerox's organizational structure, not cost estimates or technological visions, that was driving the two sides apart. The Dallas group knew that if they were forced to add an entirely new product to their customary line of office machines, any hope of meeting their near-term sales and financial quotas for the year would be demolished.
"They had to sandbag the Alto III, because with it they wouldn't make their numbers and therefore wouldn't get their bonuses," Ellenby concluded. "In fact, it would have been an absolutely impossible burden on them to be successful in making typewriters and also introduce the world's first personal computer. And they should never have been asked to do it that way. So it was shot down like most things that have to do with numbers, based on rumour and wrong data."
With the power of tradition behind them, Potter and his political allies prevailed. On August 18 the word processing task force, reversing itself under pressure from McCardell and others, declared the 850 the official Xerox word processor. As a Xerox product, the Alto III was dead.
(Hiltzik, Michael A., copyright © 1999, QA76.27.H55 1999, 004'.0720794'73——dc21)
(Dealers of lighting : Xerox PARC and the dawn of the computer age / Michael Hiltzik. —— 1st ed., 1. computer science——research——california——palo alto——history, 2. Xerox coproration. Palo Alto Research Center——history, pp.261—265)
pp.272—273
Xerox's top executives were for the most part salesmen of copy machines. From these leased behemoths the revenues stream was as tangible as the "click" of the meters counting off copies, for which the customer paid Xerox so many cents per page (and from whih Xerox paid its salesperson their commissions). Noticing their eyes narrow, Ellenby could almost hear them thinking: "If these is not paper to be copied, where's the 'click'?" In other words: "How will I get paid?"
For Geschke, the most discomfiting revelation was the contrast between the executives' reactions and those of their wives. "The typical posture and demeanor of the Xerox executives, and all of them were men, was this"——arms folded sternly across the chest. "But their wives would immediately walk up to the machines and say, 'Could I try that mouse thing?' That's because many of them had been secretaries——users of the equipment. These guys, maybe they punched a button on a copier one time in their lives, but they had someone else do their typing and their filing. So we were trying to sell to people who really had no concept of the work this equipment was actually accomplishing.
"It didn't register in my mind at that event, but that was the loudest and clearest signal we ever got of how much of a problem we were going to have getting Xerox to understand what we had."
(Hiltzik, Michael A., copyright © 1999, QA76.27.H55 1999, 004'.0720794'73——dc21)
(Dealers of lighting : Xerox PARC and the dawn of the computer age / Michael Hiltzik. —— 1st ed., 1. computer science——research——california——palo alto——history, 2. Xerox coproration. Palo Alto Research Center——history, )
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
if you are looking for mid-range budget ($250) Android tablet, consider getting the new REDMI Pad (from Xiaomi), "there's no real competition in its price bracket".
([ how far the technical development have come since the day of the Intel 4004 micro processor in 1971, also refer to as a general-purpose Central Processing Unit (CPU); in today classification, the 4000 series chips family would be considered a microcontroller ])
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_4004
([ the "4000 family".[23] The four chips were the following: the 4001, 256-byte 4-bit ROM; the 4002, DRAM with four 20-nibble registers; the 4003, I/O with a 10-bit static shift register with serial and parallel outputs; and the 4004 CPU. A fully expanded system could support 16 4001's for a total of 4 kB of ROM, 16 4002's for a total of 1,280 nibbles (640) bytes of RAM, and an unlimited number of 4003's. ])
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masatoshi_Shima
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcian_Hoff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Mazor
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federico_Faggin
([ in 50 years, [X] amount of investment and human power ])
([ can entertainment, gaming, arts, and film making drive the leading edge ])
source:
13:24
#redmi #tablet #android
The New REDMI PAD Is The BEST Budget Android Tablet Right Now! Hands-On Review
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLuaX4a6bKU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HLuaX4a6bKU
ETA PRIME
Dec 18, 2022
The all-new Xiaomi REDMI Pad is the best budget android tablet right now for Emulation, Gaming, and Media Consumption. With a 10.6" 2k IPS display, 8000Mah Battery and Powered by the MediaTek G99 CPU this Android tablet has turned out to be one of the BEST budget tablets so far! In this video, we do an unboxing and test some video playback and native android games like Minecraft, Call Of Duty mobile, and Genshin Impact plus we had to see how the REDMI Pad handles emulation like N64, Dreamcast using redream, PSP with PPSSPP, Gamecube and Wii using the DOlphine emulator and even PS2 with AetherSX2!
release Oct 2022
$250
up to 400G SD card supported (reviewer tested)
(up to 1T SD card supported, according to the technical spec)
according to the youtube video, the spec is as followed:
Helio G99 "MT8781" MediaTek
"MT6789"
2x A76 cores @ 2.2 ghz
6x A55 cores @ 2.0 ghz
Mali-G57 mc2 graphic processor
ram: 3gb - 4gb - 6gb
storage: 64gb - 128 gb
micro SD card support
90hz 10.61 IPS @ 1200 x 2000
400nits, 5:3 ratio
quad speakers
8mp front and rear camera
5ghz ac wifi - bt 5.2 (bluetooth 5.2)
8000 mAh battery 18 watt fc (fast charging)
android 12 - MIUI 13
the actual product you get may not meet your expectation ...
subject to product availability, supply chain disruption, and ...
go with the 4GB ram
128GB storage configuration
Helio G99 MediaTek with integrated Mali-G57 mc2 graphic processor
integrated ARM Mali-G57 MP2 graphics solution of the MediaTek Helio G99
Helio G99 "MT8781" MediaTek
"MT6789"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MediaTek_systems_on_chips#Helio_G_Series_(2019%E2%80%93present)
references:
https://www.notebookcheck.net/Mediatek-Helio-G99-Processor-Benchmarks-and-Specs.669976.0.html
https://www.notebookcheck.net/Xiaomi-Redmi-Pad-review-Affordable-Android-tablet-with-90-Hz-and-4-speakers.673345.0.html
Mario Ray Mahardhika 8 days ago
Been owning this battery beast for about a week now. Very satisfied, there's no real competition in its price bracket. The 6/128 model here is only 224.25USD, way cheaper than 280USD in the US.
____________________________________
The following is a parallel story, one about technology (Xerox Altos), and another about two bloody wars (the Korean war, and, the Vietnam war);
March 1973
and by the time the Xerox Alto was introduced in March 1973, but never put into full production for general market availability ...
January 1973
in January 1973, Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Le Duc Tho meet in Paris to sign terms of “peace with honor”.
I thought the contrast and comparison prove interesting ...
because of my interest in the technology and warfare.
the history and biography of technology and
the history and biography of war.
____________________________________
1973
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerox_Alto
The Xerox Alto is a computer designed from its inception to support an operating system based on a graphical user interface (GUI), later using the desktop metaphor.[7][8] The first machines were introduced on 1 March 1973,[9] a decade before mass-market GUI machines became available.
The Alto is contained in a relatively small cabinet and uses a custom central processing unit (CPU) built from multiple SSI and MSI integrated circuits. Each machine cost tens of thousands of dollars despite its status as a personal computer. Only small numbers were built initially, but by the late 1970s, about 1,000 were in use at various Xerox laboratories, and about another 500 in several universities. Total production was about 2,000 systems.
The Alto became well known in Silicon Valley and its GUI was increasingly seen as the future of computing. In 1979, Steve Jobs arranged a visit to Xerox PARC, during which Apple Computer personnel would receive demonstrations of Xerox technology in exchange for Xerox being able to purchase stock options in Apple.[10] After two visits to see the Alto, Apple engineers used the concepts to introduce the Apple Lisa and Macintosh systems.
Xerox eventually commercialized a heavily modified version of the Alto concepts as the Xerox Star, first introduced in 1981. A complete office system including several workstations, storage and a laser printer cost as much as $100,000, and like the Alto, the Star had little direct impact on the market.
([ I read somewhere, and I can not cite the source, Intel 4004 was used as a microcontroller for the Xerox Altos keyboard ... ])
____________________________________
Hiltzik, Michael A.
Dealers of lighting : Xerox PARC and the dawn of the computer age / Michael Hiltzik. —— 1st ed.
1. computer science——research——california——palo alto——history
2. Xerox coproration. Palo Alto Research Center——history
pp.261—265
"Computers architecture in those days was a major battleground for religious wars," he recalled, "and Xerox had them big-time." His first assignment would have him interceding between two of its contending armies.
The task was somehow to get the Alto manufacturing process jump started. The machine had been designed and prototyped but as yet there were only five in existence. The construction program, it seemed, had mysteriously stalled somewhere between Palo Alto and El Segundo.
As it happened, Ellenby had distinguished himself as an industrial consultant in Great Britain by transforming dysfunctional programs into operational ones. Turning his experienced eye to the Alto, he recognized instantly that the machines were indeed hostages of a religious war——this one between the Computer Science Lab, which designed them, and SDS, whose downtrodden factory staff was tasked with building them to PARC specifications in El Segundo, five hundred miles away.
"El Segundo was a product organization with a lot of pride," Ellenby recalled, "It had a lot of good guys from the days when they had built a lot of quite impressive machines. And now they were getting fucked over by this copier company that knew now to put powdered coal onto drums that went whistling around and transferred it to paper but didn't know shit about electronics. So there was a religious problem right there. Then there was this funny group of weird Northern Californians they had to deal with while they were trying to solve their other problems. Meanwhile there was not a lot of respect to PARC for SDS. And nobody was really assigned at PARC to make it all happen. The Alto was kind of a baby looking for its mother."
Ellenby stepped in to referee. His first achievement was getting El Sengundo to complete 20 Altos stuck in the pipeline. Then he took a radical step. Organizing a small cadre of product engineers into an integrated engineering and manufacturing unit he called the Special Programs Group, he arranged for Chuck Thacker's time machine to be reengineered into an object that could be efficiently mass-produced. The Special Programs Group replaced all the Thackeresque shortcuts, which looked like virtues when the goal was hastily to turn out a serviceable machine with spare parts, but were now merely the sources of annoying glitches.
"No fault of Chuck's, but the machine was just flaky," Ellenby said. "I had come from a pretty rigorous background because the machine for which I had been consulting designer at Ferranti, the Argus 700, was designed for very high-reliability process and communications control. I thought that somehow or other a machine that stops for no reason was not a good machine."
Ellenby's group added a memory error-correction system similar to the one Thacker had designed for MAXC (but had left off the Alto). This substantially cut the manufacturing cost of the machine by allowing the SPG to use more error-prone, but cheaper, memory chips without compromising the machine's reliability. The original Alto was almost unmaintainable ("In order to get to something you had to take a lot of other stuff out," Ellenby recalled); he ordered the innards redesigned so every component would be easily accessible just by opening the cover, as in today's desktop PCs. The so-called Alto II was both durable and easy to manufacture on a small production line. "We just popped 'em out," Ellenby said proudly. This was the machine that proliferated throughout PARC as a springboard for some of the most striking technological innovations the world has ever seen.
Soon after the new machines started rolling off the fabrication line in early 1976, however, Ellenby came face-to-face with the realities of technology politics at Xerox. Heady from the triumph of the Alto II, he forged ahead with a plan to design and manufacture an Alto III. This would be the Holy Grail: a mass-marketable, programmable computer that would exploit the snowballing manifestation of Moore's Law (such as faster and cheaper memory chips) by offering user-friendly word processing, professional database programs, and more. The goal was for the Special Programs Group to design the machine for manufacture by Xerox's Office Systems Division, a Dallas-based unit that turned out electric typewriters and other non-copier office machines under the leadership of a former Webster lab chief named Robert Potter.
That July, Xerox's Display Word Processing Task Force endorsed the plan. For a few short, glorious weeks, official Xerox policy was to service the growing market for electronic word processing with the Alto III, a programmable personal computer that would bear the same relationship to the competition's glorified typewriters as a Harley [Davidson motorcycle] does to a tricycle. Ellenby's group was on target to engineer an inexpensive computer-cum-word processor and printing system for shipment to customers by mid-1978. Had it done so, Xerox would have beaten the IBM PC to market by three years——with an infinitely more sophisticated machine.
mid-1978.: Had it done so, Xerox would have beaten the IBM PC to market by three years——with an infinitely more sophisticated machine.
[Computer Science Lab belonged to a larger organization, PARC (Palo Alto Research Center), which in turn beholden to a greater entity, Xerox.]
But it was not to happen. Bob Potter was not on board and never would be. Potter had visited PARC in 1973, shortly after taking over the Dallas division. But he and the CSL (computer science lab) engineers communicated like creatures of different species. "I went out there and I sat in their bean bags, but I just couldn't get anything out of them," he groused later. "They were only interested in their own thing. They thought they were four feet above everybody else."
PARC's people returned the sentiment, dismissing Potter rudely as a hopeless technical illiterate whose exalted position owned less to managerial aptitude than to having the ear of Archie McCardell, Xerox's new president, a "bean-counter" with scarely any instinct for marketing.*
* McCardell's intoxication with figures would weigh on the company until his departure in 1977. He was named chief executive of International Harvester, over whose drift into bankruptcy and near extinction he presided, joined by Potter.
Potter's group had brought out a low-performance word processor in 1974 that failed in the marketplace. But instead of accepting the office task force's recommendation that Xerox throw its weight behind the Alto III, he pushed his own new machine, another nonprogrammable word processor called the Xerox 850——essentially a typewriter with enough memory in it to hold a few pages of a business letter long enough to be proofread.
For the rest of the summer Potter's and Ellenby's planners staged a battle of numbers, producing contradictory analyses of the Alto's manufacturing costs to bolster their arguments——Ellenby trying to prove that the Alto could be mass-produced for less than the 5000-dollar manufacturing cost of the 850, and Potter that it could never meet its claimed price target.
Ellenby even enlisted the support of Xeror's most respected manufacturing engineers, experts from the product cost estimation division in Rochester. "The dispute was over screws and things, all the minor stuff," he recalled. "And they were the experts in that. They actually went through and asked me what would be the finish on the screws. Would I be using beryllium plate? Then they'd look it up and tell me how many cents that would cost. They did a very thorough job verifying that our costs were right . . . . And Dallas still didn't believe it."
But as Ellenby gradually realized, the numbers were merely cannon fodder in a battle that was political to the core. It was Xerox's organizational structure, not cost estimates or technological visions, that was driving the two sides apart. The Dallas group knew that if they were forced to add an entirely new product to their customary line of office machines, any hope of meeting their near-term sales and financial quotas for the year would be demolished.
"They had to sandbag the Alto III, because with it they wouldn't make their numbers and therefore wouldn't get their bonuses," Ellenby concluded. "In fact, it would have been an absolutely impossible burden on them to be successful in making typewriters and also introduce the world's first personal computer. And they should never have been asked to do it that way. So it was shot down like most things that have to do with numbers, based on rumour and wrong data."
With the power of tradition behind them, Potter and his political allies prevailed. On August 18 the word processing task force, reversing itself under pressure from McCardell and others, declared the 850 the official Xerox word processor. As a Xerox product, the Alto III was dead.
(Hiltzik, Michael A., copyright © 1999, QA76.27.H55 1999, 004'.0720794'73——dc21)
(Dealers of lighting : Xerox PARC and the dawn of the computer age / Michael Hiltzik. —— 1st ed., 1. computer science——research——california——palo alto——history, 2. Xerox coproration. Palo Alto Research Center——history, pp.261—265)
pp.272—273
Xerox's top executives were for the most part salesmen of copy machines. From these leased behemoths the revenues stream was as tangible as the "click" of the meters counting off copies, for which the customer paid Xerox so many cents per page (and from whih Xerox paid its salesperson their commissions). Noticing their eyes narrow, Ellenby could almost hear them thinking: "If these is not paper to be copied, where's the 'click'?" In other words: "How will I get paid?"
For Geschke, the most discomfiting revelation was the contrast between the executives' reactions and those of their wives. "The typical posture and demeanor of the Xerox executives, and all of them were men, was this"——arms folded sternly across the chest. "But their wives would immediately walk up to the machines and say, 'Could I try that mouse thing?' That's because many of them had been secretaries——users of the equipment. These guys, maybe they punched a button on a copier one time in their lives, but they had someone else do their typing and their filing. So we were trying to sell to people who really had no concept of the work this equipment was actually accomplishing.
"It didn't register in my mind at that event, but that was the loudest and clearest signal we ever got of how much of a problem we were going to have getting Xerox to understand what we had."
(Hiltzik, Michael A., copyright © 1999, QA76.27.H55 1999, 004'.0720794'73——dc21)
(Dealers of lighting : Xerox PARC and the dawn of the computer age / Michael Hiltzik. —— 1st ed., 1. computer science——research——california——palo alto——history, 2. Xerox coproration. Palo Alto Research Center——history, )
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
Vietnam War
-----------
began November 1, 1955
ended April 30, 1975
Result: North Vietnamese victory
source:
https://www.bing.com/search?q=vietnam+war
____________________________________
1950
March 10, 1950
President Truman officially recognizes France's colonization of Southeast Asia, including Vietnam.
Soon thereafter, the U.S. sends military aid and a Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) to Saigon. This group was to assist French in their fight against the communists.
Over the next four years, the U.S. sends more than $4 billion in aid for France's war on Vietnam.
____________________________________
[ June 25, 1950: North Korea invades South Korea (the forgotton war) ]
1954
March 1954
The Vietminh surround and lay siege to the remote French garrison of [[Dien Bien Phu]].
[put wikipedia entry here; from a military perspective, this is one of the significance battle ]
12,000 French soldiers remain trapped inside.
April 7, 1954
In a historic press conference, President Truman makes the case for containing communism in Indochina. The “Domino Theory” stated that if Vietnam were to become communist, then the rest of Asia would follow, ending with Japan becoming a communist country.
Despite criticism, the “Domino Theory” would guide the U.S. in its crusade against communism in Vietnam, and throughout the world.
May 7, 1954
After months of holding out, France finally surrenders Dien Bien Phu. It marks the pivotal end of war for France. A cease-fire is called, followed by France's eventual withdrawal from Vietnam.
June 1954
France and Vietnam agree to terms of peace under the Geneva Accords. The 17th parallel temporarily separates the country into two: to the NOrth the communist Vietnamese government of Ho Chi Minh, to the South the American installed government of Ngo Dinh Diem. Elections are to be held in two years to unite the country.
Installed by the U.S., Diem ruled over South Vietnam as an authoritarian power.
Already fragmented with rivalries and factions, South Vietnam suffered under massive corruption, religious oppression and poor leadership.
In Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh faced his own problems. Dissidents were executed, and the military was used to put down uprising in North Vietnam.
____________________________________
1956
Fearing a communist win, South Vietnamese Premier Diem and the U.S. block elections scheduled to reunite Vietnam. American military advisors are stepped up in South Vietnam.
American pours money into South Vietnam to prop up its economy. Premier Diem institutes oppressive measures to root out communists in the South and continue his rule.
____________________________________
1959
January 1959
North Vietnam officially sanctions force in its struggle to unite the country. Military attacks and assassinations are stepped up against the South.
The Ho Chi Minh trail is established as a military route to South Vietnam.
____________________________________
1961
December 1961-1962
President Kennedy authorizes a drastic increase in the number of military advisors sent to Vietnam.
Within a year, 9,000 advisors are directly assisting South Vietnam in fighting against Communists.
Agent Orange is used to defoliate the countryside.
____________________________________
1963
Buddhists protest religious presecution in South Vietnam, garnering worldwide attention when monks self-immolate themselves on the streets of Saigons.
With American approval, the South Vietnamese military stages a coup, murdering Diem and his brother.
Three weeks after Diem's murder, President Kennedy is assassinated. Vice President Johnson assumes the reins of power.
The following year, another coup rocks South Vietnam.
In the years following, SOuth Vietnam undergoes more the five coups and changes of leadership.
____________________________________
1964
August 2, 1964
North Vietnam attacks a U.S. warship in the Gulf of Tonkin. A second attack, conceived by the U.S., though not actually occurring, provides the impetus for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
Congress overwhelmingly passes the resolution, giving the President broad powers to wage war.
____________________________________
1965
January 1965
Attacks against the South Vietnamese and their American advisors intensify, Americans die in battle and sabotage.
Consequently, President Johnson initiates Operation Rolling Thunder, a series of sustained bombing attacks against the North which would last 3 years and kill over 180,000 civilians.
March 1965
Johnson deploys the first American combat troops to Vietnam.
By the end of the year, their numbers would grow to 160,000
The first “teach-ins” are held at American universities to protest the war. A growing anti-war movement includes veterans, politicians and foreign leaders.
1965-1967
American troop strength builds as the war insensifies. By the end of 1967, American troop strength is at more than half a million with expenditures of over $2 billion a month.
The U.S. drops more tonnage of bombs than it had in all the World War II.
Resistance to the war increases, with a march on Washington number 100,000 strong.
White House staff members resign, draftees dodge the war and public opinion in favor of the President drops.
____________________________________
1968
January 1968
Taking advantage of the lunar New Year of Tet, the Communists launch a massive assault on South Vietnam.
The North suffers huge losses as a result, with approximately 30,000 killed, but the United States is stunned by the effort.
Two months later, Lyndon Johnson announced on television that he will make efforts at peace with Vietnam, and more shockingly, will not seek re-election.
In the village of My Lai, American troops massacre approximately 200 civilians.
____________________________________
1969
President Nixon begins secret bombing raids into neighboring Cambodia, a neutral country used by North Vietnam to infiltrate south. The resulting destabilization of the country eventually would lead to a genocidal Cambodian dictatorship which murdered millions of its own people.
A policy of “Vietnamization” is announced, in which the South Vietnamese would be expected to take up more of the fighting while the U.S. de-escalated its ground war.
At the same time, Nixon steps up the bombing, averaging one ton of bombs dropped every minute.
On September 4th, Ho Chi Minh dies of a heart attack in Hanoi.
____________________________________
1970
Americans protest Nixon's invasion of Cambodia. Massive protests are held throughout the country. At Kent State University and Jackson State University, protests are shot and killed by the National Guard.
U.S. troop size in Vietnam falls to 280,000. Approximately 65,000 servicemen are using easily available drugs. Nixon announces the draft will end in 1973.
____________________________________
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_campaign
The Cambodian campaign (also known as the Cambodian incursion and the Cambodian invasion) was a brief series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia in 1970 by South Vietnam and the United States as an extension of the Vietnam War and the Cambodian Civil War. Thirteen major operations were conducted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) between 29 April and 22 July and by U.S. forces between 1 May and 30 June 1970.
The objective of the campaign was the defeat of the approximately 40,000 troops of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (VC) in the eastern border regions of Cambodia. Cambodian neutrality and military weakness made its territory a safe zone where PAVN/VC forces could establish bases for operations over the border. With the US shifting toward a policy of Vietnamization and withdrawal, it sought to shore up the South Vietnamese government by eliminating the cross-border threat.
A change in the Cambodian government allowed an opportunity to destroy the bases in 1970, when Prince Norodom Sihanouk was deposed and replaced by pro–U.S. General Lon Nol. A series of South Vietnamese–Khmer Republic operations captured several towns, but the PAVN/VC military and political leadership narrowly escaped the cordon. The operation was partly a response to a PAVN offensive on 29 March against the Cambodian Army that captured large parts of eastern Cambodia in the wake of these operations. Allied military operations failed to eliminate many PAVN/VC troops or to capture their elusive headquarters, known as the Central Office for South Vietnam (COSVN) as they had left a month prior, but the haul of captured material in Cambodia prompted claims of success.
____________________________________
1971
June 1971
Congress repeals the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, restricting the President's war-making powers. It also restricts further attacks into Cambodia. Instead, Nixon steps up invasions into neighboring Laos.
Nixon announces the withdrawal of 100,000 troops from Vietnam by the end of the year. Public opinion against the war reaches an all-time high, with 71 percent of the public believing it was a misake.
____________________________________
1972
May 1972
While American ground troops decrease, Nixon initiates Operation Linebacker, a massive bombing campaign against North Vietnam.
New “smart” bombs are also used: computer-controlled bombs mounted with television cameras for precise targeting. Massive casualties ensure.
October 1972
Secretary of State Henry Kissinger signs terms for a cease-fire with North Vietnamese representatives.
Kissinger's announcement that “peace is at hand” is undercut by South Vietnam's opposition to the agreement.
December 1972
Nixon initiates what would become known as the “Christmas Bombings”, dropping more tonnage of bombs in 12 days than in the entire period from 1969 to 1971.
The attacks draw worldwide condemnation. Nixon's popular approval rating sink. Congress calls for an end to the war.
____________________________________
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Barrel_Roll
Operation Barrel Roll was a covert U.S. Air Force 2nd Air Division and U.S. Navy Task Force 77, interdiction and close air support campaign conducted in the Kingdom of Laos between 14 December 1964 and 29 March 1973 concurrent with the Vietnam War. The operation resulted in 260 million bombs being dropped on Laos, making Laos "the most heavily bombed nation in history".[1]
The original purpose of the operation was to serve as a signal to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to cease its support for the insurgency then taking place in the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). This action was taken within Laos due to the location of North Vietnam's expanding logistical corridor known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail (the Truong Son Road to the North Vietnamese), which ran from southwestern North Vietnam, through southeastern Laos, and into South Vietnam. The campaign then centered on the interdiction of that logistical system. Beginning during the same time frame (and expanding throughout the conflict) the operation became increasingly involved in providing close air support missions for Royal Lao Armed Forces, CIA-backed tribal mercenaries, and Thai Volunteer Defense Corps in a covert ground war in northern and northeastern Laos. Barrel Roll and the "Secret Army" attempted to stem an increasing tide of People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Pathet Lao offensives.
Barrel Roll was one of the most closely held secrets and one of the most unknown components of the American military commitment in Southeast Asia. Due to the ostensible neutrality of Laos, guaranteed by the Geneva Conference of 1954 and 1962, both the U.S. and North Vietnam strove to maintain the secrecy of their operations and only slowly escalated military actions there. As much as both parties would have liked to have publicized their enemy's own alleged violation of the accords, both had more to gain by keeping their own roles quiet.[2] Regardless, by the end of the conflict in 1975, Laos emerged from nine years of war just as devastated as any of the other Asian participants in the Vietnam War.
https://www.thecollector.com/war-in-laos-most-heavily-bombed-country-in-history/
____________________________________
-----------
began November 1, 1955
ended April 30, 1975
Result: North Vietnamese victory
source:
https://www.bing.com/search?q=vietnam+war
____________________________________
1950
March 10, 1950
President Truman officially recognizes France's colonization of Southeast Asia, including Vietnam.
Soon thereafter, the U.S. sends military aid and a Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) to Saigon. This group was to assist French in their fight against the communists.
Over the next four years, the U.S. sends more than $4 billion in aid for France's war on Vietnam.
____________________________________
[ June 25, 1950: North Korea invades South Korea (the forgotton war) ]
1954
March 1954
The Vietminh surround and lay siege to the remote French garrison of [[Dien Bien Phu]].
[put wikipedia entry here; from a military perspective, this is one of the significance battle ]
12,000 French soldiers remain trapped inside.
April 7, 1954
In a historic press conference, President Truman makes the case for containing communism in Indochina. The “Domino Theory” stated that if Vietnam were to become communist, then the rest of Asia would follow, ending with Japan becoming a communist country.
Despite criticism, the “Domino Theory” would guide the U.S. in its crusade against communism in Vietnam, and throughout the world.
May 7, 1954
After months of holding out, France finally surrenders Dien Bien Phu. It marks the pivotal end of war for France. A cease-fire is called, followed by France's eventual withdrawal from Vietnam.
June 1954
France and Vietnam agree to terms of peace under the Geneva Accords. The 17th parallel temporarily separates the country into two: to the NOrth the communist Vietnamese government of Ho Chi Minh, to the South the American installed government of Ngo Dinh Diem. Elections are to be held in two years to unite the country.
Installed by the U.S., Diem ruled over South Vietnam as an authoritarian power.
Already fragmented with rivalries and factions, South Vietnam suffered under massive corruption, religious oppression and poor leadership.
In Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh faced his own problems. Dissidents were executed, and the military was used to put down uprising in North Vietnam.
____________________________________
1956
Fearing a communist win, South Vietnamese Premier Diem and the U.S. block elections scheduled to reunite Vietnam. American military advisors are stepped up in South Vietnam.
American pours money into South Vietnam to prop up its economy. Premier Diem institutes oppressive measures to root out communists in the South and continue his rule.
____________________________________
1959
January 1959
North Vietnam officially sanctions force in its struggle to unite the country. Military attacks and assassinations are stepped up against the South.
The Ho Chi Minh trail is established as a military route to South Vietnam.
____________________________________
1961
December 1961-1962
President Kennedy authorizes a drastic increase in the number of military advisors sent to Vietnam.
Within a year, 9,000 advisors are directly assisting South Vietnam in fighting against Communists.
Agent Orange is used to defoliate the countryside.
____________________________________
1963
Buddhists protest religious presecution in South Vietnam, garnering worldwide attention when monks self-immolate themselves on the streets of Saigons.
With American approval, the South Vietnamese military stages a coup, murdering Diem and his brother.
Three weeks after Diem's murder, President Kennedy is assassinated. Vice President Johnson assumes the reins of power.
The following year, another coup rocks South Vietnam.
In the years following, SOuth Vietnam undergoes more the five coups and changes of leadership.
____________________________________
1964
August 2, 1964
North Vietnam attacks a U.S. warship in the Gulf of Tonkin. A second attack, conceived by the U.S., though not actually occurring, provides the impetus for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution.
Congress overwhelmingly passes the resolution, giving the President broad powers to wage war.
____________________________________
1965
January 1965
Attacks against the South Vietnamese and their American advisors intensify, Americans die in battle and sabotage.
Consequently, President Johnson initiates Operation Rolling Thunder, a series of sustained bombing attacks against the North which would last 3 years and kill over 180,000 civilians.
March 1965
Johnson deploys the first American combat troops to Vietnam.
By the end of the year, their numbers would grow to 160,000
The first “teach-ins” are held at American universities to protest the war. A growing anti-war movement includes veterans, politicians and foreign leaders.
1965-1967
American troop strength builds as the war insensifies. By the end of 1967, American troop strength is at more than half a million with expenditures of over $2 billion a month.
The U.S. drops more tonnage of bombs than it had in all the World War II.
Resistance to the war increases, with a march on Washington number 100,000 strong.
White House staff members resign, draftees dodge the war and public opinion in favor of the President drops.
____________________________________
1968
January 1968
Taking advantage of the lunar New Year of Tet, the Communists launch a massive assault on South Vietnam.
The North suffers huge losses as a result, with approximately 30,000 killed, but the United States is stunned by the effort.
Two months later, Lyndon Johnson announced on television that he will make efforts at peace with Vietnam, and more shockingly, will not seek re-election.
In the village of My Lai, American troops massacre approximately 200 civilians.
____________________________________
1969
President Nixon begins secret bombing raids into neighboring Cambodia, a neutral country used by North Vietnam to infiltrate south. The resulting destabilization of the country eventually would lead to a genocidal Cambodian dictatorship which murdered millions of its own people.
A policy of “Vietnamization” is announced, in which the South Vietnamese would be expected to take up more of the fighting while the U.S. de-escalated its ground war.
At the same time, Nixon steps up the bombing, averaging one ton of bombs dropped every minute.
On September 4th, Ho Chi Minh dies of a heart attack in Hanoi.
____________________________________
1970
Americans protest Nixon's invasion of Cambodia. Massive protests are held throughout the country. At Kent State University and Jackson State University, protests are shot and killed by the National Guard.
U.S. troop size in Vietnam falls to 280,000. Approximately 65,000 servicemen are using easily available drugs. Nixon announces the draft will end in 1973.
____________________________________
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_campaign
The Cambodian campaign (also known as the Cambodian incursion and the Cambodian invasion) was a brief series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia in 1970 by South Vietnam and the United States as an extension of the Vietnam War and the Cambodian Civil War. Thirteen major operations were conducted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) between 29 April and 22 July and by U.S. forces between 1 May and 30 June 1970.
The objective of the campaign was the defeat of the approximately 40,000 troops of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Viet Cong (VC) in the eastern border regions of Cambodia. Cambodian neutrality and military weakness made its territory a safe zone where PAVN/VC forces could establish bases for operations over the border. With the US shifting toward a policy of Vietnamization and withdrawal, it sought to shore up the South Vietnamese government by eliminating the cross-border threat.
A change in the Cambodian government allowed an opportunity to destroy the bases in 1970, when Prince Norodom Sihanouk was deposed and replaced by pro–U.S. General Lon Nol. A series of South Vietnamese–Khmer Republic operations captured several towns, but the PAVN/VC military and political leadership narrowly escaped the cordon. The operation was partly a response to a PAVN offensive on 29 March against the Cambodian Army that captured large parts of eastern Cambodia in the wake of these operations. Allied military operations failed to eliminate many PAVN/VC troops or to capture their elusive headquarters, known as the Central Office for South Vietnam (COSVN) as they had left a month prior, but the haul of captured material in Cambodia prompted claims of success.
____________________________________
1971
June 1971
Congress repeals the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, restricting the President's war-making powers. It also restricts further attacks into Cambodia. Instead, Nixon steps up invasions into neighboring Laos.
Nixon announces the withdrawal of 100,000 troops from Vietnam by the end of the year. Public opinion against the war reaches an all-time high, with 71 percent of the public believing it was a misake.
____________________________________
1972
May 1972
While American ground troops decrease, Nixon initiates Operation Linebacker, a massive bombing campaign against North Vietnam.
New “smart” bombs are also used: computer-controlled bombs mounted with television cameras for precise targeting. Massive casualties ensure.
October 1972
Secretary of State Henry Kissinger signs terms for a cease-fire with North Vietnamese representatives.
Kissinger's announcement that “peace is at hand” is undercut by South Vietnam's opposition to the agreement.
December 1972
Nixon initiates what would become known as the “Christmas Bombings”, dropping more tonnage of bombs in 12 days than in the entire period from 1969 to 1971.
The attacks draw worldwide condemnation. Nixon's popular approval rating sink. Congress calls for an end to the war.
____________________________________
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Barrel_Roll
Operation Barrel Roll was a covert U.S. Air Force 2nd Air Division and U.S. Navy Task Force 77, interdiction and close air support campaign conducted in the Kingdom of Laos between 14 December 1964 and 29 March 1973 concurrent with the Vietnam War. The operation resulted in 260 million bombs being dropped on Laos, making Laos "the most heavily bombed nation in history".[1]
The original purpose of the operation was to serve as a signal to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) to cease its support for the insurgency then taking place in the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). This action was taken within Laos due to the location of North Vietnam's expanding logistical corridor known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail (the Truong Son Road to the North Vietnamese), which ran from southwestern North Vietnam, through southeastern Laos, and into South Vietnam. The campaign then centered on the interdiction of that logistical system. Beginning during the same time frame (and expanding throughout the conflict) the operation became increasingly involved in providing close air support missions for Royal Lao Armed Forces, CIA-backed tribal mercenaries, and Thai Volunteer Defense Corps in a covert ground war in northern and northeastern Laos. Barrel Roll and the "Secret Army" attempted to stem an increasing tide of People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and Pathet Lao offensives.
Barrel Roll was one of the most closely held secrets and one of the most unknown components of the American military commitment in Southeast Asia. Due to the ostensible neutrality of Laos, guaranteed by the Geneva Conference of 1954 and 1962, both the U.S. and North Vietnam strove to maintain the secrecy of their operations and only slowly escalated military actions there. As much as both parties would have liked to have publicized their enemy's own alleged violation of the accords, both had more to gain by keeping their own roles quiet.[2] Regardless, by the end of the conflict in 1975, Laos emerged from nine years of war just as devastated as any of the other Asian participants in the Vietnam War.
https://www.thecollector.com/war-in-laos-most-heavily-bombed-country-in-history/
____________________________________
5:14
Air⭐️Conflicts: Vietnam [Operation Barrel Roll] Happy 75th Anniversary Air Force!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjZ_pFsWYAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjZ_pFsWYAg
SPOTTED
Sep 25, 2022
Operation Barrel Roll "Advisor Era"
December 14, 1964
Despite Laos' declared neutrality there are around 6000 Viet Cong troops positioned in Eastern Laos. The United States is covertly supporting the western part of the country in their fight against communism, but with North Vietnam expanding their logistic corridor, the Ho Chi Minh Trail, we are left with few options. We must intervene before the Viet Cong's control of the area becomes too dominant. However, given Laos' neutrality, this operation is in direct violation of the Geneva Convention - therefore it is classified and top secret! Revealing this operation would do major damage to the international reputation of the U.S. Thanks to your previous performance and reports from senior officers, you have been selected to be part of Operation Barrel Roll. Your primary goal is to eliminate ground targeted in the area and disrupt enemy supply routes.
Happy 75th Anniversary Air Force!
____________________________________
1973
January 1973
Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Le Duc Tho meet in Paris to sign terms of “peace with honor”.
The war continues without direct U.S. military involvement.
____________________________________
Vietnam War
-----------
began November 1, 1955
ended April 30, 1975
Result: North Vietnamese victory
source:
https://www.bing.com/search?q=vietnam+war
____________________________________
Air⭐️Conflicts: Vietnam [Operation Barrel Roll] Happy 75th Anniversary Air Force!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjZ_pFsWYAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjZ_pFsWYAg
SPOTTED
Sep 25, 2022
Operation Barrel Roll "Advisor Era"
December 14, 1964
Despite Laos' declared neutrality there are around 6000 Viet Cong troops positioned in Eastern Laos. The United States is covertly supporting the western part of the country in their fight against communism, but with North Vietnam expanding their logistic corridor, the Ho Chi Minh Trail, we are left with few options. We must intervene before the Viet Cong's control of the area becomes too dominant. However, given Laos' neutrality, this operation is in direct violation of the Geneva Convention - therefore it is classified and top secret! Revealing this operation would do major damage to the international reputation of the U.S. Thanks to your previous performance and reports from senior officers, you have been selected to be part of Operation Barrel Roll. Your primary goal is to eliminate ground targeted in the area and disrupt enemy supply routes.
Happy 75th Anniversary Air Force!
____________________________________
1973
January 1973
Henry Kissinger and North Vietnamese representative Le Duc Tho meet in Paris to sign terms of “peace with honor”.
The war continues without direct U.S. military involvement.
____________________________________
Vietnam War
-----------
began November 1, 1955
ended April 30, 1975
Result: North Vietnamese victory
source:
https://www.bing.com/search?q=vietnam+war
____________________________________
https://www.amazon.com/Achilles-Vietnam-Combat-Undoing-Character/dp/0684813211
https://www.amazon.com/gp/customer-reviews/RC2Y3ZM74RAAS/ref=cm_cr_dp_d_rvw_ttl?ie=UTF8&ASIN=0684813211
____________________________________
"Is a warrior ever justified in challenging his commander? Must he sacrifice his life for someone else's cause? How is a catastrophic war ever allowed to start ─ and why, if all parties wish it over, can it not be ended? Giving his life for his country does a man betray is family? Do the gods counternance war's slaughter? Is a warrior's death compensated by his glory?
These are the questions that pervade the Iliad. These are also the questions that pervade actual war."
──Caroline Alaexander, The war that killed Achilles, 14─15
source:
https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=BCF8F54CAB28EA82!63247&ithint=file%2cpptx&authkey=!AGNzXW452zrIfPQ
slide 28 of 28
____________________________________
Hans Rosling, Factfulness, 2018 [ ]
pp.131-132
The Vietnam war as the Syrian war of my generation.
Two days before Christmas in 1972, seven bombs killed 27 patients and members of staff at the Bach Mai hospital in Hanoi in Vietnam. I was studying medicine in Uppsala in Sweden. We had plenty of medical equipment and yellow blankets. Agneta and I coordinated a collection, which we packed in boxes and sent to Bach Mai.
Fifteen years later, I was in Vietnam to evaluate a Swedish aid project. One lunchtime, I was eating my rice next to one of my local colleagues, a doctor named Niem, and I asked him about his background. He told me he had been inside the Bach Mai hospital when the bombs fell. Afterward, he had coordinated unpacking of boxes of supplies that had arrived from all over the world. I asked him if he remembered some yellow blankets and I got goose bumps as he described the fabric's pattern to me. It felt like we had been friends forever.
p.132
Above the treetops I could see a large pagoda, covered in gold. It seemed about 300 feet high. He said, “Here is where we commemorate our war heroes. Isn't it beautiful?” This was the monument to Vietnam's war in China.
The wars with China had lasted, on and off, for 2,000 years. The French occupation had lasted 200 years. The “Resistance war against America” took only 20 years.
(Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund, Factfulness : ten reasons we're wrong about the world ── and why things are better than you think, 155.9042 Rosling, 2018, )
world health chart
www.gapminder.org/whc
____________________________________
https://www.amazon.com/gp/customer-reviews/RC2Y3ZM74RAAS/ref=cm_cr_dp_d_rvw_ttl?ie=UTF8&ASIN=0684813211
____________________________________
"Is a warrior ever justified in challenging his commander? Must he sacrifice his life for someone else's cause? How is a catastrophic war ever allowed to start ─ and why, if all parties wish it over, can it not be ended? Giving his life for his country does a man betray is family? Do the gods counternance war's slaughter? Is a warrior's death compensated by his glory?
These are the questions that pervade the Iliad. These are also the questions that pervade actual war."
──Caroline Alaexander, The war that killed Achilles, 14─15
source:
https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=BCF8F54CAB28EA82!63247&ithint=file%2cpptx&authkey=!AGNzXW452zrIfPQ
slide 28 of 28
____________________________________
Hans Rosling, Factfulness, 2018 [ ]
pp.131-132
The Vietnam war as the Syrian war of my generation.
Two days before Christmas in 1972, seven bombs killed 27 patients and members of staff at the Bach Mai hospital in Hanoi in Vietnam. I was studying medicine in Uppsala in Sweden. We had plenty of medical equipment and yellow blankets. Agneta and I coordinated a collection, which we packed in boxes and sent to Bach Mai.
Fifteen years later, I was in Vietnam to evaluate a Swedish aid project. One lunchtime, I was eating my rice next to one of my local colleagues, a doctor named Niem, and I asked him about his background. He told me he had been inside the Bach Mai hospital when the bombs fell. Afterward, he had coordinated unpacking of boxes of supplies that had arrived from all over the world. I asked him if he remembered some yellow blankets and I got goose bumps as he described the fabric's pattern to me. It felt like we had been friends forever.
p.132
Above the treetops I could see a large pagoda, covered in gold. It seemed about 300 feet high. He said, “Here is where we commemorate our war heroes. Isn't it beautiful?” This was the monument to Vietnam's war in China.
The wars with China had lasted, on and off, for 2,000 years. The French occupation had lasted 200 years. The “Resistance war against America” took only 20 years.
(Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund, Factfulness : ten reasons we're wrong about the world ── and why things are better than you think, 155.9042 Rosling, 2018, )
world health chart
www.gapminder.org/whc
____________________________________
https://www.amazon.com/mafiti-Writing-Scribbling-Drawing-eWriter/dp/B07VM4CYXQ/
Mafiti LCD Writing Tablet 8.5 Inch Electronic Writing Drawing Pads Portable Doodle Board Gifts for Kids Office Memo Home Whiteboard Blue
Deal
-48% $5.73 (2022-12-22)
([ at $6.00 USD, you should get three, like electronic paper ])
(] my informal consumerist intelligence tells me you can pick up these kind of LCD writing tablet in Japanese dollar store in Japan (Nihon) for a song [)
LCD writing tablet 8.5 inch
Brand Mafiti
Color Blue 8.5inch
Item Weight 0.24 Pounds
Display resolution 1024 x 600
Item Dimensions LxWxH 9.06 x 5.91 inches
About this item
【Update Version Easy and thicker writing and one key to clear】Writing or drawing with the included plastic stylus, compare with previous version, update version are with thicker writing, more easy to view, easy to write.Erase your writing content quickly with simply one press of erase button.
【 Replaceable coin-cell battery】Writing and erasing more than 100,000 times, battery can be replaced with new ones easily when remove button without function, battery type: CR2016 3.0V.
【Kick-stand function】Stylus can be used as a kick-stand to display your written messages to family, friends and co-workers. Built-in stylus dock provides convenient storage for stylus when not in use.
【Ultra light-weight, portable】It is 1/8 inch thin and is easy to take with you anywhere you go.
【 Environmental-Friendly and Multi-Purposes】No paper or chalk needed, not only suitable for kid’s Graffiti, Arithmetic, Drawing and Pictures, also suitable for Shopping lists, To-do, Recipe, even office Memos.
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Mafiti LCD Writing Tablet 8.5 Inch Electronic Writing Drawing Pads Portable Doodle Board Gifts for Kids Office Memo Home Whiteboard Blue
Deal
-48% $5.73 (2022-12-22)
([ at $6.00 USD, you should get three, like electronic paper ])
(] my informal consumerist intelligence tells me you can pick up these kind of LCD writing tablet in Japanese dollar store in Japan (Nihon) for a song [)
LCD writing tablet 8.5 inch
Brand Mafiti
Color Blue 8.5inch
Item Weight 0.24 Pounds
Display resolution 1024 x 600
Item Dimensions LxWxH 9.06 x 5.91 inches
About this item
【Update Version Easy and thicker writing and one key to clear】Writing or drawing with the included plastic stylus, compare with previous version, update version are with thicker writing, more easy to view, easy to write.Erase your writing content quickly with simply one press of erase button.
【 Replaceable coin-cell battery】Writing and erasing more than 100,000 times, battery can be replaced with new ones easily when remove button without function, battery type: CR2016 3.0V.
【Kick-stand function】Stylus can be used as a kick-stand to display your written messages to family, friends and co-workers. Built-in stylus dock provides convenient storage for stylus when not in use.
【Ultra light-weight, portable】It is 1/8 inch thin and is easy to take with you anywhere you go.
【 Environmental-Friendly and Multi-Purposes】No paper or chalk needed, not only suitable for kid’s Graffiti, Arithmetic, Drawing and Pictures, also suitable for Shopping lists, To-do, Recipe, even office Memos.
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